Human Flag Association (HFA) is a civil association constituted under Articles 60 et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code, based in Bellinzona, Canton Ticino. The Association was founded on 31 March 2025 by Giovanni Nardacci. Its statutory purpose is the study and promotion of the practical effectiveness of International Humanitarian Law in environments mediated by autonomous and machine-speed systems, with particular reference to the recognition of surrender and hors de combat status.
HFA is a research initiative, not an operational or advocacy organisation. Its method is documentary: it publishes peer-reviewable working papers and technical notes under permanent identifiers, proposes candidate technical standards for independent validation, and addresses institutions through formal, verifiable questions anchored to obligations those institutions have already adopted.
Swiss civil association — "HUMAN FLAG – Protezione della Resa nell'Era dell'IA", constituted under Art. 60 ss. of the Swiss Civil Code on 31 March 2025. Registered office: Bellinzona, Ticino. The Association is non-partisan, non-denominational and non-profit, founded on the principles of peace, transparency, ethical technology and the defence of human dignity (Statute, Art. 3).
Tax exemption — granted by decision of the Legal Office of the Tax Division of the Canton of Ticino of 2 September 2025 (ref. ES 2025/043), exempting the Association from cantonal taxes on profit and capital (Art. 65 let. f LT) and from direct federal tax (Art. 56 let. g LIFD) in recognition of its public-utility purpose.
CCW GGE on LAWS — HFA has applied for registration to the second 2026 session of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (Geneva, 31 August – 4 September 2026).
President and Founder: Giovanni Nardacci.
Medical & Scientific Advisor: [NOME COMPLETO — se vuoi indicarla].
The Association's research corpus is published under Creative Commons BY 4.0 with permanent identifiers (DOI / SSRN):
Human Flag Association
Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
Email: humanflag(@)email.com